Concepts
Early Exercise of Options
Martin Noël
Holding shares in a company gives the shareholder the following rights:*The right to transfer ownership, *The right to dividends, *Voting rights, and *The right to residual income and assets. What this means is that shareholders are free to sell their shares, take dividends when they are paid, vote at shareholder meetings and...
Call Put Parity: How to Transform Your Positions
Martin Noël
I have been told frequently – and surely so have you – that selling cash-secured puts is a very risky strategy. Haven’t you? The main reason put forward for not using this strategy is that you could be forced to buy the security, even if the company had just gone bankrupt. In this light, the strategy rightly raises fears....
Delta: Assessing Probabilities Based on the Break-even price
Martin Noël
As we saw in an earlier article, delta measures how much an option’s price moves in relation to a change in the price of the underlying asset. Delta is a variable from the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and it is also used in the industry as an approximation of the probability that the option will be in-the-money at...
Purchasing Put Options or Selling Call Options to Protect Oneself? (Third and Last Part)
Martin Noël
In the two previous articles, we compared purchasing put options as a protective strategy with selling covered call options. The first article used options with monthly expirations, and the second article used options expiring after our period of analysis, from April 17, 2015 to January 22, 2016. In both cases, the analysis led...
Add (ONEX)tra upside without putting on extra downside
Christopher Thom
Onex is a stock that has done very well over the long term. Since going public in 1996, the stock has had an annualized total return over 16%. The company places emphasis on managers owning stock and investing alongside shareholders – this is something I like to look for when investing in a company. For an investor who...
The Greeks – Vega
Martin Noël
This week, we will look at another Greek variable, called vega. Vega measures the amount that an option contract’s price changes in response to a change in the volatility of the underlying asset. You will recall that an option’s time value is influenced by the time remaining until expiration and by the implied volatility of...
The Greeks: Theta
Martin Noël
This week, we will look at another Greek variable: theta. Theta measures the change in the price of an option following a change in the time remaining to its expiration. You will recall that an option’s premium has two components: intrinsic value and time value. But since an option that has reached expiration has run out of...
The Greeks: Gamma
Martin Noël
Our last article showed how delta could help predict the future value of options following a change in the price of the underlying asset. We also learned that delta gives an indication of the equivalent stock position (ESP) on the underlying asset. Gamma Gamma measures the change in the value of delta relative to a change in...
The Greeks: Delta
Martin Noël
In the last few articles, we have seen that there are several variables that have an impact on the value of options. This table illustrates how an increase in one of the variables affects the values of call and put options. As you can see, with all other things being equal, when one of the variables moves, we should expect the...
Term Structure of Implied Volatility
Martin Noël
Changes in implied volatility provide information on options market participants’ expectations regarding future fluctuations in returns on a specific stock. For the purposes of this discussion, we will analyze volatility in the stock price of the Great Canadian Gaming Corporation (GC), which closed at $23.79 on February 24,...
